Orthogonal test design for optimisation of extraction of trans-resveratrol from Pinot Noir-grape pomace

Yield of trans-resveratrol from Pinot Noir-grape pomace obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) through an orthogonal experiment (16 (4(4))) was investigated to get the best extraction conditions. In this method, the highest yield was obtained when the extraction solvent used ethanol; the ratio of raw material to solvent, the extraction time, the extraction temperature and microwave irradiation power were 1:20 (g mL(-1)), 30 min, 55°C and 1.0 kW, respectively. The average yield of trans-resveratrol was 90.87%, and the recovery was in the range of 85.49-89.04% with relative standard deviation lower than 1.39%. Then, the extract of MAE was separated by NKA-9 macroporous resin and re-crystallisation. Finally, the purity of trans-resveratrol was 97.47%.     

时空调制对可激发介质螺旋波波头动力学行为影响及控制研究

本文首先研究了时空调制对可激发介质中周期螺旋波波头动力学行为的影响. 随着时空调制的增大, 螺旋波经历了周期螺旋波、外滚螺旋波、旅行螺旋波和内滚螺旋波的显著变化. 通过定义序参量来定量的描述由时空调制引起的螺旋波在不同态之间非平衡跃迁的临界条件, 及漫游螺旋波波头圆滚圆半径随调制参数的变化情况. 当时空调制增大到某个临界值时, 螺旋波发生了破碎; 再增加时空调制, 螺旋波则发生了衰减, 系统最终演化为空间均匀静息态. 在文中给出了螺旋波发生破碎和衰减的机理和原因. 最后将时空调制方法运用于漫游螺旋波, 实现了将漫游螺旋波控制成周期螺旋波, 或将其控制为空间均匀静息态.     

A general theory on spectral properties of state-homogeneous finite-state quasi-birth–death processes

In this paper a spectral theory pertaining to Quasi-Birth–Death Processes (QBDs) is presented. The QBD, which is a generalization of the birth–death process, is a powerful tool that can be utilized in modeling many stochastic phenomena. Our theory is based on the application of a matrix polynomial method to obtain the steady-state probabilities in state-homogeneous finite-state QBDs. The method is based on finding the eigenvalue–eigenvector pairs that solve a matrix polynomial equation. Since the computational effort in the solution procedure is independent of the cardinality of the counting set, it has an immediate advantage over other solution procedures. We present and prove different properties relating the quantities that arise in the solution procedure. By also compiling and formalizing the previously known properties, we present a formal unified theory on the spectral properties of QBDs, which furnishes a formal framework to embody much of the previous work. This framework carries the prospect of furthering our understanding of the behavior the modeled systems manifest.     

Zipf's law in income distribution of companies

Distribution functions of annual income of companies are analyzed based on two company databases. A clear power law distribution consistent with the Zipf's law can be confirmed for Japanese companies over more than three decades in income scale. Similar distributions can be confirmed in some other countries. It is confirmed that such power laws hold in most of job categories with slightly modified exponents. An annual income of a company is about two orders of magnitude smaller than its total assets, and the growth rate distribution of income is nearly independent of the income size in contrast to the case of growth rate of assets.     

盐析效应结合顶空气相色谱质谱法测定香精香料中甲醇含量

利用盐析效应结合顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用仪,建立了一种快速、准确检测香精香料中甲醇含量的方法.方法以5 mol/L NaCl溶液为顶空基质校正剂,试验得线性范围为0.8~200 ng/mL(r~2=0.999 9,n=6),检出限为0.25ng/mL,定量限为0.84 ng/mL,日内精密度1.8%,日间精密度4.2%,样品加标回收率为96.51%~114.98%.测得随机抽取的10个含有香精香料样品中甲醇的质量浓度在0.0~8.4 ng/mL之间.方法无需前处理,灵敏度高,选择性好,定性准确,适用于香精香料中甲醇含量的测定.     

间苯二乙酸构筑的2D锰(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及晶体结构

利用柔性配体合成了配合物[Mn(pda)(bpp)](1)(H2pda=1,3-phenylenediacetic acid,bpp=1,3-bi(4-pyridyl)propane),并对其进行了元素分析、红外光谱和X射线单晶衍射测定。配合物1属于正交晶系,空间群为Pnna,a=1.965 2(6)nm,b=1.103 3(4)nm,c=0.963 9(3)nm,α=β=γ=90.0°,V=2.089 8(12)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.416 Mg.m-3,μ=0.664 mm-1,F(000)=924,R1=0.040 2,wR2=0.133 2(I>2σ(I))。配合物1的结构单元由1个MnⅡ、1个1,3-pda和1个bpp构成。bpp交替连接MnⅡ形成1D右手螺旋链,进一步通过1,3-pda的连接构成2D螺旋层。从c轴方向看,发现1DZ字链构成2D(4,4)网格结构。同时还研究了配合物的热稳定性和电化学性质。     

应用ETDFA生成CBTC联锁软件形式化模型的方法

CBTC系统的联锁软件为SIL4级的高安全、高可靠软件,目前广泛使用的软件测试和仿真验证的结果严重依赖选取的测试向量,要保证高覆盖率的测试十分困难;EN50128中强烈推荐SIL4等级的软件使用形式化方法完成软件需求规格说明书和软件设计,因此,采用形式化的方法设计软件,是构造高可靠、高安全软件的一个重要途径;总结了现有的CBTC系统中联锁子系统集成方式及优缺点,并使用事件确定有限自动机ETDFA(event deterministic finite automata)模型对适用性更优的升级型集成方式的联锁软件的联锁逻辑完成形式化定义,保证联锁逻辑的正确性,减少软件的不确定性描述;以办理进路为例生成联锁对象的ETDFA模型,验证该方法的有效性和可行性;该方法不仅为CBTC联锁软件的设计与开发提供新思路,而且有助于安全苛求软件的形式化验证与分析,提高联锁软件的安全性和正确性。     

烟草及烟用香精香料中氨基酸检测方法研究进展

烟草及烟用香精香料中氨基酸的含量对烟草品质有着直接而重要的影响,因此有必要进行准确定性定量分析.氨基酸检测方法可分为直接检测法和间接检测法两大类,间接检测法又可分为柱前衍生法和柱后衍生法.分析了每种方法的优缺点以及常用的衍生化试剂,以期为进行氨基酸分析的研究者提供参考.     

时空调制引起的漫游螺旋波与旅行螺旋波共存现象

以Barkley模型为研究对象, 研究了在时空调制作用下螺旋波时空动力学行为特性. 发现在适当的调制参数的作用下, 能够在同一系统中同时观察到漫游螺旋波与旅行螺旋波. 通过数值模拟研究分析, 给出了能产生漫游螺旋波与旅行螺旋波共存现象的潜在机理, 并详细讨论了在Barkley 模型中要产生这种共存现象的两个必要条件. 关键词： 时空调制 漫游螺旋波 旅行螺旋波     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱的波长校准法研究

基于线列光探测器件的光谱仪具有多光谱通道探测的优点，以及其在物质光谱分析中担当的重要角色。分析了基于线列光探测器件光谱仪的波长准确度问题，提出利用激光诱导击穿原子光谱丰富波长校准特征波长谱线的思想。实验选用光谱波长范围为200nm～600nm的凹面光栅光谱仪、2048元焦平面的CCD器件和低压汞灯，分别对铜、铝、镁、钙、硅等5种样品进行了激光诱导击穿光谱试验；利用选取的10条激光诱导原子光谱波长数据并结合低压汞灯的10条特征谱线对光栅光谱仪重新进行波长校准，获取的试验数据有力地证明了这种思想的可行性。